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Online handbook for Engineers working with powders and bulk solids

Your site of reference for Powder and Solids processing

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www.PowderProcess.net is a free online handbook giving explanations, design methods and operational tips on the most common unit operations and equipment found in Industries processing powders.

It gives materials for Engineers who, around the world, have to design, operate or troubleshoot a powder handling process.

Would you be a confirmed Engineer, a new graduate looking for information on the process he has 1st to work on, or a student, please access below articles on unit operations and equipment that, we hope, will be useful for you. www.PowderProcess.net also hosts Process Engineer's Tools, a new online ressource for Process Engineers, not limited to Powder Processing - This subsite is still in development.

Do you have a question, a remark ? Please contact us at admin@powderprocess.net

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PowderProcess.net Site content


Powder properties and flow Handbook ⇨
# Powder Properties
# Flow of solids (discharge of silos)
# Mass and funnel flow silos
# Arches / bridges and ratholes in silos
# Particle density
# Bulk Density [FR]
# Carr Index & Hausner Ratio
# Angle of repose
# Static electricity influence on powder flow
# Aeration / Fluidization / Permeability
# Shear Cells Testing
 # Skeletal density
# Particle Size Distribution (PSD)
# Powder caking
# How to solve flow problems in silos [ES]
# How to calculate the discharge rate of silos (bulk discharge rate)
# Silo volume calculation
# Powder rheometer
# Water activity
# Moisture content

Introduction to unit operations

# Mixing [ES] [FR]
# Froude number
# Homogeneity
# Segregation (demixing)
# Dosing and weighing
# Pneumatic Conveying
# Solid Gas Separation
# Grinding and Milling
# Solid Liquid Suspension
# Checking (sieve and magnets)
# Filling
# Safety

Powder processing equipment handbook ⇨
# Bag Tipping Stations
# Big Bag Tipping Stations
# Bucket elevators
# Bulk mechanical conveying (screw, vibrating, aero mechanical, bucket, belt conveying)
# Cyclones design guide
# Design of a cyclone : Leith & Licht model
# Dust Collection Systems
# Magnets
# Vibrating Sieve
# Airlock rotary Valve
# Conveying Pipe
# Blowers		 # Pipe Diverters
# Filters
# Rotary Valves (pneumatic)
# Vibrating Tube
# Screw Conveyor
# Load Cells
# Mixers
# Paddle Mixers
# Ribbon Blenders [ES] [FR]
 # Shear / Centrifugal Mixers
# Bin Tumbler mixers
# V Blenders
# FIBC and IBC

Powder mixing handbook ⇨
# Coefficient of Variation (homogeneity)
# Mixer discharge time
# Froude number
# Mixer ATEX speed
# Mixer Loading
# Tip speed
# Mixing principles
# Mixing time
# Mixing volume
# Mixing Power consumption
# Mixing speed
# Mixing cycle time
# Powder Mixing Troubleshooting Guide		 # Continuous mixing
# Comparison Batch and Continuous Dry-Mix
# Best Powder Mixer
# Mixer sampling
# Loss in weight feeding
# Continuous weighing Troubleshooting guide
# Batch weighing Troubleshooting
# Preblend
# Dry Mixing of cement and sands
# Dry Mixing : liquid addition

Pneumatic conveying handbook ⇨
# Types of pneumatic transport
# Conveying phases
# Dilute Phase transport
# Dense Phase transport
# Air mover
# Roots Blower
# Roots Blower performance curve
# After Cooler
# Airlock Rotary Valve
# Product inlet / Injector
# Piping
# Filters
 # Pick-up velocity
# Saltation velocity
# Choking velocity
# Conveying speed / velocity
# Air volumetric and mass flowrate
# Pipe Equivalent Length
# Solids particle velocity in pipe
# Bends
 # Solids Breakage
# Pressure drop calculation
# Shortcut calculation Pressure drop dilute phase
# Published calculation models for dilute phase conveying
 # Calculation of dense phase pneumatic conveying lines
 #Pipe Diameter or Bore
# Design methods dilute phase
# Design methods dense phase
# Solids Loading Ratio
# Pipe Blockage
# Powder Build-up
# Selecting dilute or dense phase
# Blower power required
# Horizontal Conveying
# Vertical Conveying
# Pneumatic conveying of flours
# Road Silo Tanker pneumatic discharge
# Stepped pipeline

Safety Handbook for bulk handling processes ⇨
# Dust explosion physical properties
# MIE - Minimum Ignition Energy of dust
# MIT - Minimum Ignition Temperature of dust
# SIT - Self Ignition Temperature of dust layers
# MEC - Dust Minimum Explosive Concentration
 # Powder resistivity
# Characteristics of dust explosion Pmax and Kst
 # Factors influencing dust explosions
# ATEX dust explosion : zones classification
# Ignition sources of dust cloud
# Bulk powder electrostatics hazards
# Dust explosion risks due to mechanical sparks or hot spots		 # Dust explosion risks due to welding and cutting activities
 # Electrical equipment in ATEX dust explosion zones
# Good housekeeping, avoid secondary explosions
# Dust explosion prevention and mitigation
 # Dust explosion venting
# Dust explosion vent : sizing
# Dust explosion isolation
# ATEX dust explosion risk assessment
# ATEX safety of milling systems
# ATEX safety of pneumatic transport systems
# Big Bag Handling Safety
# Rotary Equipment Safety
# DHA & NFPA 652

Gas-Solids separation (filtration) handbook
# Bag leakage (cause, detection, prevention, mitigation)

Milling & Grinding handbook
# Jet milling # Hammer mills



Agglomeration handbook
# Mechanisms of agglomeration

Spray Drying handbook ⇨
# Introduction to spray drying
# Stages of spray drying		 # Spray drying chamber configuration
# Spray Drying process parameters
# Introduction to Fluidized bed

Filling systems handbook ⇨
# Powder filling systems : Auger & Cup dosing
# VFFS Vertical Form Fill Seal machines		 # Powder filling troubleshooting
# Unwinder
# Forming tubes
# Pouch sealing

Pharma powder processing
# Tablet presses overview
 # Roller presses overview

Extrusion Process & Technology handbook
# Extrusion : powder / granule feeding systems

Process Engineer's Tools (beta)

Process Engineer's Tools is a subsite of www.powderprocess.net widening the ressources available to the whole Process Engineering art. The subsite is still in development, new pages are uploaded every month !

Pumps Piping Compressors
# Pump performances - characteristics
# Pump performances - modification of the characteristics
# Pump Head
# Pump Power
# Pump NPSH
# Cavitation
# Pump operation in parallel or series
# Pump full torque load
# Minimum flow centrifugal pump
# Temperature rise in pumps
 # Friction factor - Churchill equation
# Friction factor - Colebrook equation
# Fanning and Moody friction factor
# Flow Regime
# Fluid Velocity
# Restriction Orifice calculation
# Equivalent length valves and fittings
# K coefficients valves and fittings
# Hydraulic Diameter
# Hydrostatic Pressure
# Torricelli formula
# Reynolds Number
# Friction factor
# Pipe pressure drop calculations
# Valves types
# Valves CV and sizing for liquid and gas
# Valves CV and sizing for steam and superheated steam
# Valves CV and sizing for 2 phases flow
# Valves CV and sizing for laminar flow
# Valves flow characteristics
# Partially filled pipe
# Safety Valve sizing - Gas flow
# Safety Valve sizing - Gas flow low pressure / vacuum
# Safety Valve sizing - Liquid flow
# Conversion Cv and Kv flow coefficients
 # Compressors power
# Compressor temperature elevation
# Reciprocating compressors capacity
# Sound velocity calculation
# Compression ratio, pressure and flow coefficient


Vacuum systems Electrical Engineering Thermodynamics
 In Development
 In Development
 Ideal Gas Law definition and calculations related
Mixture of gases / Dalton's Law
Behavior of real gases
Equation of states
Vapor pressure
Liquid - Vapor equilibrium : ideal mixtures / Raoult's Law
Liquid - Vapor equilibrium : non ideal mixtures
Flash equilibrium calculation of a mixture
Heat conduction through walls
Heat conduction through pipes
Overall heat transfer coefficient conduction + convection
Wall temperature profile calculation
Heat flow rate calculation
Shell Tube Heat Exchanger Design - Pressure drop calculation on the tubes side
Shell Tube heat exchangers : calculation of correction coefficients for shell side heat transfer (Bell Delaware)
Plate Heat Exchangers design : calculation method
Plate Heat Exchangers design : Pressure drop calculation


Air Psychrometrics
 Safety
 Data, Diagrams and calculation tools
# Absolute Air Humidity
# Relative Air Humidity
# Humid Air Specific Heat Capacity
# Humid Air enthalpy
# Air Viscosity
 # Dust Explosion physical characteristics
 Molecular weight
Isentropic coefficients
Density and molecular weight of common materials
Bulk Density, particle density and mean particle size of common bulk solids and powders
Permeability and deaeration rates of common materials
Critical Pressure and Temperature of common materials
Antoine coefficients table for common pure substances
Valve flow characteristics calculation
Psychrometric chart - Mollier diagram
Surface roughness of common materials
Steam tables - Saturated steam
Viscosity of gases

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PowderProcess.net has been built specifically for the professional having to deal with industrial Powder Processes, either regularly or occasionally

The content is built from the expertise of the author who has 10 years of experience in the field of Process Engineering and especially Powder Processes

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